Across Europe, co-operatives such as Intersport, John Lewis, Co-op Danmark or E.Leclerc as not-profit systems, do not aim to make a profit. The objective is to improve costs by high volume purchases, mutualised costs links to warehouses and after-sales service. This brings business for their members/associates. “Such retail networks are generally very well managed for the interests of members, explained Jean-François Tessler, a specialist lawyer in Paris. A franchisor, on the other hand, wants
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