Marks & Spencer must reinvent itself from the U.K. to the Gulf

The iconic Marks & Spencer retailer (turnover of €12.2 billion in the year to late March 2019 via 1,035 stores in the U.K. and 428 internationally) has been knocked off a pedestal. On September 23rd this century-old company, one of the pillars of the British stock index, was removed from the Footsie exchange, no longer part of the 100 largest capitalisations of the British financial market.