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Context. The rapid growth of online sales across Europe (up to 32 % of retail sales in the U.K. in 2021 and to 14.1% in France) combined with the urgent adoption of telecommuting in 2020, resulted in an increase in security breaches and an upsurge in cyber-attacks. Retail has become a lucrative target for cybercriminals, who have become structured and professional. This sector has a lot of advantages: retailers have large customer databases; they invest in brand image as well as...