The context
In Western Europe, e-commerce consolidated in 2023, thereby weakening physical retail networks. According to our annual barometer, e-commerce accounted for 26.7% of retail sales in the U.K. last year, 22% in the Netherlands, 13.2% in Germany and 10% in France. In the most mature categories, the measure of e-commerce is stabilising at 40% in some countries. This is the case for fashion and electronics in Germany and the Netherlands.
At the same time, retailers are facing a fall in...