In 2019, Louboutin filed lawsuits, in Belgium and Luxembourg, against Amazon for advertising counterfeit products. On 21 December 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) issued an advisory opinion. The final decision on the case moves up to the national courts.
According to the CJEU ruling, the US giant is liable as it is not obvious to the customer that adverts come from a third-party seller, and not from Amazon itself. For the European judges, the confusion is linked to the use by the mark
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